KING JAMES BIBLE DICTIONARY

(1) Heb. mererah, meaning "bitterness" (Job 16:13); i.e., the bile secreted in the liver. This word is also used of the poison of asps (20:14), and of the vitals, the seat of life (25).

2. Heb. rosh. In Deuteronomy 32:33 and Job 20:16 it denotes the poison of serpents. In Hosea 10:4 the Hebrew word is rendered "hemlock." The original probably denotes some bitter, poisonous plant, most probably the poppy, which grows up quickly, and is therefore coupled with wormwood (Deuteronomy 29:18; Jeremiah 9:15; Lamentations 3:19). Comp. Jeremiah 8:14; 23:15, "water of gall," Gesenius, "poppy juice;" others, "water of hemlock," "bitter water."

3. Gr. chole (Matthew 27:34), the LXX. translation of the Hebrew rosh in Psalms 69:21, which foretells our Lord's sufferings. The drink offered to our Lord was vinegar (made of light wine rendered acid, the common drink of Roman soldiers) "mingled with gall," or, according to Mark (15:23), "mingled with myrrh;" both expressions meaning the same thing, namely, that the vinegar was made bitter by the infusion of wormwood or some other bitter substance, usually given, according to a merciful custom, as an anodyne to those who were crucified, to render them insensible to pain. Our Lord, knowing this, refuses to drink it. He would take nothing to cloud his faculties or blunt the pain of dying. He chooses to suffer every element of woe in the bitter cup of agony given him by the Father (John 18:11).

Any bitter or poisonous substance

As the bile
Job 16:13

Venom of serpents
Job 20:14

A bitter herb

General references
Deuteronomy 29:18

Given Jesus
Psalms 69:21; Matthew 27:34

Figurative, gall of bitterness
Acts 8:23

1. Mereerah , denoting "that which is bitter;" hence the term is applied to the "bile" or "gall" (the fluid secreted by the liver), from its intense bitterness, (Job 16:13; 20:25) it is also used of the "poison" of serpents, (Job 20:14) which the ancients erroneously believed was their gall.
2. Rosh , generally translated "gall" in the English Bible, is in (Hosea 10:4) rendered "hemlock-" in (32:33) and Job 20:16 rosh denotes the "poison" or "venom" of serpents. From (29:18) and Lamentations 3:19 compared with Hosea 10:4 It is evident that the Hebrew term denotes some bitter and perhaps poisonous plant. Other writers have supposed, and with some reason, from (32:32) that some berry-bearing plant must be intended. Gesenius understands poppies; in which case the gall mingled with the wine offered to our Lord at his crucifixion, and refused by him, would be an an'sthetic, and tend to diminish the sense of suffering. Dr. Richardson, "Ten Lectures on Alcohol," p. 23, thinks these drinks were given to the crucified to diminish the suffering through their intoxicating effects.

GALL, noun [Gr. probably from its color.]

1. In the animal economy, the bile, a bitter, a yellowish green fluid, secreted in the glandular substance of the liver. It is glutinous or imperfectly fluid, like oil.

2. Any thing extremely bitter.

3. Rancor; malignity.

4. Anger; bitterness of mind.

GAL'LANT, adjective [Eng. could; Latin gallus, a cock.]

1. Gay; well dressed; showy; splendid; magnificent.

Neither shall gallant ships pass thereby. Isaiah 33:21.

The gay, the wise, the gallant and the grave.

[This sense is obsolete.]

2. Brave; high-spirited; courageous; heroic; magnanimous; as a gallant youth; a gallant officer.

3. Fine; noble.

4. Courtly; civil; polite and attentive to ladies; courteous.

GALLANT', noun A gay, sprightly man; a courtly or fashionable man.

1. A man who is polite and attentive to ladies; one who attends upon ladies at parties, or to places of amusement.

2. A wooer; a lover; a suitor.

3. In an ill sense, one who caresses a woman for lewd purposes.

GALLANT', verb transitive To attend or wait on, as a lady.

1. To handle with grace or in a modish manner; as, to gallant a fan.

GAL'LANTLY, adverb Gaily; splendidly.

1. Bravely; nobly; heroically; generously; as, to fight gallantly; to defend a place gallantly

GAL'LANTNESS, noun Elegance or completeness of an acquired qualification.

GAL'LANTRY, noun

1. Splendor of appearance; show; magnificence; ostentatious finery. [Obsolete or obsolescent.]

2. Bravery; courageousness; heroism; intrepidity. The troops entered the fort with great gallantry

3. Nobleness; generosity.

4. Civility or polite attentions to ladies.

5. Vicious love or pretensions to love; civilities paid to females for the purpose of winning favors; hence, lewdness; debauchery.

GAL'LATE, noun [from gall.] A neutral salt formed by the gallic acid combined with a base.

GALLBLADDER, noun A small membranous sack, shaped like a pear, which receives the bile from the liver by the cystic duct.

GAL'LEASS. [See Galeas.]

GALL'ED, participle passive [See Gall, the verb.] Having the skin or surface worn or torn by wearing or rubbing; fretted; teased; injured; vexed.

GAL'LEON, noun A large ship formerly used by the Spaniards, in their commerce with South America, usually furnished with four decks.

GALLEOT, [See Galiot.]

In the temple of Ezekiel's vision
Ezekiel 42:3

1. Heb. attik (Ezekiel 41:15, 16), a terrace; a projection; ledge.

2. Heb. rahit (Song of Solomon 1:17), translated "rafters," marg. "galleries;" probably panel-work or fretted ceiling.

an architectural term describing the porticos or verandas which are not uncommon in eastern houses. It is doubtful, however, whether the Hebrew words so translated have any reference to such an object. (According to the latest researches, the colonnade or else wainscoting is meant. (Solomon 1:17; Ezekiel 41:15)

Schaff.)

GAL'LERY,noun

1. In architecture, a covered part of a building, commonly in the wings, used as an ambulatory or place for walking.

2. An ornamental walk or apartment in gardens, formed by trees.

3. In churches, a floor elevated on columns and furnished with pews or seats; usually ranged on three sides of the edifice. A similar structure in a play-house.

4. In fortification, a covered walk across the ditch of a town, made of beams covered with planks and loaded with earth.

5. In a mine, a narrow passage or branch of the mine carried under ground to a work designed to be blown up.

6. In a ship, a frame like a balcony projecting from the stern or quarter of a ship of war or of a large merchantman. That part at the stern, is called the stern-gallery; that at the quarters, the quarter-gallery.

GAL'LETYLE, noun Gallipot.

[SHIP]

GAL'LEY, noun plural galleys. [Latin galea. The Latin word signifies a helmet, the top of a mast, and a galley; and the name of this vessel seems to have been derived from the head-piece, or kind of basket-work, at mast-head.]

1. A low flat-built vessel, with one deck, and navigated with sails and oars; used in the Mediterranean. The largest sort of galleys, employed by the Venetians, are 162 feet in length, or 133 feet keel. They have three masts and thirty two banks of oars; each bank containing two oars, and each oar managed by six or seven slaves. In the fore-part they carry three small batteries of cannon.

2. A place of toil and misery.

3. An open boat used on the Thames by custom-house officers, press-gangs, and for pleasure.

4. The cook room or kitchen of a ship of war; answering to the caboose of a merchantman.

5. An oblong reverberatory furnace, with a row of retorts whose necks protrude through lateral openings.

GAL'LEYFOIST, noun A barge of state.

GAL'LEY-SLAVE, noun A person condemned for a crime to work at the oar on board of a galley.

GALL'FLY, noun The insect that punctures plants and occasions galls; the cynips.

GAL'LIARD, adjective Gay; brisk; active.

GAL'LIARD, noun A brisk, gay man; also, a lively dance.

GAL'LIARDISE, noun Merriment; excessive gayety.

GAL'LIARDNESS, noun Gayety.

GAL'LIC, adjective [From Gallia, Gaul.] Now pertaining to Gaul or France.

GAL'LIC, adjective [from gall.] Belonging to galls or oak apples; derived from galls; as the gallic acid.

GAL'LICAN, adjective [Latin gallicus, from Gallia, Gaul.] Pertaining to Gaul or France; as the gallican church or clergy.

GAL'LICISM, noun A mode of speech peculiar to the French nation; an idiomatic manner of using words in the French language.

GALLIGAS'KINS, noun Large open hose; used only in ludicrous language.

Heaps, (1 Samuel 25:44; Isaiah 10:30). The native place of Phalti, to whom Michal was given by Saul. It was probably in Benjamin, to the north of Jerusalem.

who heap up; who cover

A town, probably in tribe of Benjamin.
1 Samuel 25:44; Isaiah 10:30

(fountains). This is given as the native place of the man to whom Michal, David's wife, was given. (1 Samuel 25:44) There is no clue to the situation of the place. The name occurs again in the catalogue of places terrified at the approach of Sennacherib. (Isaiah 10:30)

GAL'LIMAUFRY, noun A hash; a medley; a hodge-podge. [Little used.]

1. Any inconsistent or ridiculous medley.

2. A woman. [Not in used.]

GALLINA'CEOUS, adjective [Latin gallinaceus, from gallina, a hen, gallus, a cock, whose name is from crowing; Eng. to call.]

1. Designating that order of fowls called gallinoe, including the domestic fowls or those of the pheasant kind.

Gallinaceus Lapis, a glossy substance produced by volcanic fires; the lapis obsidianus of the ancients. A kind of it brought from Peru is of a beautiful black, or crow-color, like the gallinaco.

GALL'ING, participle present tense [See Gall, the verb.]

1. Fretting the skin; excoriating.

2. Adapted to fret or chagrin; vexing.

GAL'LINULE, noun [Latin gallinula, dim. of gallina, a hen.]

A tribe of fowls of the grallic order, included under the genus Fulica, with the coot.

The elder brother of Seneca the philosopher, who was tutor and for some time minister of the emperor Nero. He was "deputy", i.e., proconsul, as in Revised Version, of Achaia, under the emperor Claudius, when Paul visited Corinth (Acts 18:12). The word used here by Luke in describing the rank of Gallio shows his accuracy. Achaia was a senatorial province under Claudius, and the governor of such a province was called a "proconsul." He is spoken of by his contemporaries as "sweet Gallio," and is described as a most popular and affectionate man. When the Jews brought Paul before his tribunal on the charge of persuading "men to worship God contrary to the law" (18:13), he refused to listen to them, and "drave them from the judgment seat" (18:16).

who sucks, or lives on milk

Proconsul of Achaia, dismisses complaint of Jews against Paul.
Acts 18:12-17

(one who lives on milk), Junius Ann'us Gallio, the Roman proconsul of Achaia when St. Paul was at Corinth, A.D. 53, under the emperor Claudius. (Acts 18:12) He was brother to Lucius Ann'us Seneca, the philosopher. Jerome in the Chronicle of Eusebius says that he committed suicide in 65 A.D. Winer thinks he was put to death by Nero.

GALLIOT

GAL'LIPOT, noun A small pot or vessel painted and glazed, used by druggists and apothecaries for containing medicines.

GALLIT'ZINITE, noun Rutile, an ore of titanium.

GAL'LIVAT, noun A small vessel used on the Malabar coast.

GALL'LESS, adjective [from gall.] Free from gall or bitterness.

GAL'LON, noun [Law Latin galona.] A measure of capacity for dry or liquid things, but usually for liquids, containing four quarts. But the gallon is not in all cases of uniform contents or dimensions. The gallon of wine contains 231 cubic inches, or eight pounds avordupois of pure water. The gallon of beer and ale contains 281 cubic inches, or ten pounds three ounces and a quarter avordupois of water; and the gallon of corn, meal, etc., 272 1/4 cubic inches, or nine pounds thirteen ounces of pure water.

GALLOON', noun A kind of close lace made of gold or silver, or of silk only.

GAL'LOP, verb intransitive

1. To move or run with leaps, as a horse to run or move with speed.

But gallop lively down the western hill.

2. To ride with a galloping pace.

We galloped towards the enemy.

3. To move very fast; to run over.

Such superficial ideas he may collect in galloping over it.

GAL'LOP, noun The movement or pace of a quadruped, particularly of a horse, by springs, reaches or leaps. The animal lifts his fore feet nearly at the same time, and as these descend and are just ready to touch the ground, the hind feet are lifted at once. The gallop is the swiftest pace of a horse, but it is also a moderate pace, at the pleasure of a rider.

GAL'LOPER, noun A horse that gallops; also, a man that gallops or makes haste.

1. In artillery, a carriage which bears a gun of a pound and a half ball. It has shafts so as to be drawn without a limbon, and it may serve for light three and six pounders.

GAL'LOPIN, noun A servant for the kitchen.

GAL'LOW, verb transitive To fright or terrify.

GAL'LOWAY, noun A horse or species of horses of a small size, bred in galloway in Scotland.

GAL'LOWGLASS, noun An ancient Irish foot soldier.

Heb. ets, meaning "a tree" (Esther 6:4), a post or gibbet. In Genesis 40:19 and Deuteronomy 21:22 the word is rendered "tree."

Used for execution of criminals
Esther 2:23; Esther 5:14; Esther 6:4; Esther 7:9-10; Esther 9:13; Esther 9:25

Reproach of being hanged upon
Galatians 3:13
Punishment

[PUNISHMENTS]

GAL'LOWS, noun singular. [Gallows is in the singular number and should be preceded by a, a gallows The plural is gallowses.]

1. An instrument of punishment whereon criminals are executed by hanging. It consists of two posts and a cross beam on the top, to which the criminal is suspended by a rope fastened round his neck.

2. A wretch that deserves the gallows [Not used.]

GAL'LOWSFREE, adjective Free from danger of the gallows.

GAL'LOWTREE, noun The tree of execution.

GALLSICKNESS, noun A remitting bilious fever in the Netherlands.

GALLSTONE, noun A concretion formed in the gallbladder.

GALL, noun [Latin galla.] A hard round excrescence on the oak tree in certain warm climates, said to be the nest of an insect called cynips. It is formed from the tear issuing from a puncture made by the insect, and gradually increased by accessions of fresh matter, till it forms a covering to the eggs and succeeding insects. Galls are used in making ink; the best are from Aleppo.

GALL, verb transitive

1. To fret and wear away by friction; to excoriate; to hurt or break the skin by rubbing; as, a saddle galls the back of a horse, or a collar his breast.

Tyrant, I well deserve thy galling chain.

2. To impair; to wear away; as, a stream galls the ground.

3. To tease; to fret; to vex; to chagrin; as, to be galled by sarcasm.

4. To wound; to break the surface of any thing by rubbing; as, to gall a mast or a cable.

5. To injure; to harass; to annoy. The troops were galled by the shot of the enemy.

In our wars against the French of old, we used to gall them with our long bows, at a greater distance than they could shoot their arrows.

GALL, verb intransitive To fret; to be teased.

GALL, noun A wound in the skin by rubbing.

GALL'Y, adjective Like gall; bitter as gall.

GAL'LY, noun A printer's frame or oblong square board with a ledge on three sides, into which types are emptied from the composing stick. It has a groove to admit a false bottom, called a gally-slice.

GAL'LY-WORM, noun An insect of the centiped kind, of several species.